Heavy hydrocarbons are characterized by a density greater than 0.81 g/cm³ and a flash point typically above 40°C. Chemically, they consist of long-chain hydrocarbons, including alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics, generally starting from C12 and above. The specific chain length and composition are tailored to the intended application.

Production and Grading
These materials are viscosity-adjusted using petroleum fractions to produce standardized grades, primarily 180, 280, and 380, which are classified based on their kinematic viscosity.

Primary Applications
As one of the most economical fuel options, heavy hydrocarbons are widely used in:

• Industrial heating (e.g., bath furnaces, bakery ovens)

• Marine propulsion and ship fuel

• Specific power generation systems and diesel engines

• Tank cleaning and other industrial processes